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# Copyright 2025 The Qwen Team and The HuggingFace Inc. team. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

import itertools
from collections.abc import Callable
from dataclasses import dataclass

import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch import nn

from ... import initialization as init
from ...activations import ACT2FN
from ...cache_utils import Cache, DynamicCache
from ...generation import GenerationMixin
from ...integrations import use_kernel_forward_from_hub, use_kernel_func_from_hub_with_fallback, use_kernelized_func
from ...integrations.accelerate import force_accelerate_hooks
from ...masking_utils import create_causal_mask, create_recurrent_attention_mask
from ...modeling_flash_attention_utils import FlashAttentionKwargs
from ...modeling_layers import (
    GenericForSequenceClassification,
    GenericForTokenClassification,
    GradientCheckpointingLayer,
)
from ...modeling_outputs import (
    BaseModelOutputWithPast,
    BaseModelOutputWithPooling,
    CausalLMOutputWithPast,
    SequenceClassifierOutputWithPast,
)
from ...modeling_rope_utils import ROPE_INIT_FUNCTIONS, dynamic_rope_update
from ...modeling_utils import ALL_ATTENTION_FUNCTIONS, PreTrainedModel
from ...processing_utils import Unpack
from ...utils import (
    TransformersKwargs,
    auto_docstring,
    can_return_tuple,
    is_torchdynamo_exporting,
    torch_compilable_check,
)
from ...utils.generic import (
    accepts_precomputed_kwargs,
    get_max_seqlen,
    is_flash_attention_requested,
    merge_with_config_defaults,
)
from ...utils.output_capturing import capture_outputs
from ...vision_utils import (
    get_vision_attention_seqlens,
    get_vision_interpolation_indices_and_weights,
    get_vision_position_ids,
)
from ..auto import AutoModel
from .configuration_qwen3_5 import Qwen3_5Config, Qwen3_5TextConfig, Qwen3_5VisionConfig


class Qwen3_5VisionRotaryEmbedding(nn.Module):
    """
    Simple axial 2D rope with same freqs used for H and W grids. The freqs are
    pre-computed using `head-dim//4` which is later used to concat H and W positions.
    The final angles rotate over the whole head dim, no partial rotation involved.
    """

    def __init__(self, config: Qwen3_5VisionConfig):
        super().__init__()
        self.config = config

        self.rope_type = self.config.rope_parameters["rope_type"]
        rope_init_fn: Callable = self.compute_axial_rope_parameters
        if self.rope_type != "axial":
            raise ValueError(f"{self.__class__.__name__} supports only axial rope, but requested {self.rope_type}")
        inv_freq, self.attention_scaling = rope_init_fn(self.config)

        self.inv_freq = nn.Buffer(inv_freq, persistent=False)
        self.original_inv_freq = nn.Buffer(inv_freq.clone(), persistent=False)

    @staticmethod
    def compute_axial_rope_parameters(
        config: Qwen3_5VisionConfig, device=None, **kwargs
    ) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, float]:
        """
        Computes the inverse frequencies according to the original RoPE implementation
        Args:
            config ([`~transformers.PreTrainedConfig`]):
                The model configuration.
        Returns:
            Tuple of (`torch.Tensor`, `float`), containing the inverse frequencies for the RoPE embeddings and the
            post-processing scaling factor applied to the computed cos/sin (unused in this type of RoPE).
        """
        base = config.rope_parameters["rope_theta"]
        dim = getattr(config, "head_dim", None) or config.hidden_size // config.num_attention_heads
        spatial_dim = dim // 2

        attention_factor = 1.0  # Unused in this type of RoPE
        inv_freq = 1.0 / (base ** (torch.arange(0, spatial_dim, 2, dtype=torch.float) / spatial_dim))
        return inv_freq.to(device), attention_factor

    @torch.no_grad()
    def forward(self, x, position_ids):
        # position_ids: (2, N) — row 0 = h coords, row 1 = w coords
        freqs = position_ids[..., None].float() * self.inv_freq.to(device=x.device, dtype=torch.float)
        cos = freqs.cos() * self.attention_scaling
        sin = freqs.sin() * self.attention_scaling

        cos = self.recomposition_frequencies(cos)
        sin = self.recomposition_frequencies(sin)
        return cos, sin

    def recomposition_frequencies(self, freq):
        """
        Recompose the frequencies into the final spatial layout used per each grid.
        """
        freq_h, freq_w = freq[:, 0], freq[:, 1]
        freq_hw = torch.cat([freq_h, freq_w], dim=-1)
        return torch.cat([freq_hw, freq_hw], dim=-1)


class Qwen3_5TextRotaryEmbedding(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: Qwen3_5TextConfig):
        super().__init__()
        self.max_seq_len_cached = config.max_position_embeddings
        self.original_max_seq_len = config.max_position_embeddings

        self.config = config

        self.rope_type = self.config.rope_parameters["rope_type"]
        rope_init_fn: Callable = self.compute_default_rope_parameters
        if self.rope_type != "default":
            rope_init_fn = ROPE_INIT_FUNCTIONS[self.rope_type]
        inv_freq, self.attention_scaling = rope_init_fn(self.config)

        self.inv_freq = nn.Buffer(inv_freq, persistent=False)
        self.original_inv_freq = nn.Buffer(inv_freq.clone(), persistent=False)
        self.mrope_section = config.rope_parameters.get("mrope_section", [11, 11, 10])

    @staticmethod
    def compute_default_rope_parameters(
        config: Qwen3_5TextConfig, device=None, **kwargs
    ) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, float]:
        """
        Computes the inverse frequencies according to the original RoPE implementation
        Args:
            config ([`~transformers.PreTrainedConfig`]):
                The model configuration.
        Returns:
            Tuple of (`torch.Tensor`, `float`), containing the inverse frequencies for the RoPE embeddings and the
            post-processing scaling factor applied to the computed cos/sin (unused in this type of RoPE).
        """
        base = config.rope_parameters["rope_theta"]
        partial_rotary_factor = config.rope_parameters.get("partial_rotary_factor", 1.0)
        head_dim = getattr(config, "head_dim", None) or config.hidden_size // config.num_attention_heads
        dim = int(head_dim * partial_rotary_factor)

        attention_factor = 1.0  # Unused in this type of RoPE
        # Compute the inverse frequencies
        inv_freq = 1.0 / (base ** (torch.arange(0, dim, 2, dtype=torch.float) / dim))
        return inv_freq.to(device), attention_factor

    @torch.no_grad()
    @dynamic_rope_update
    def forward(self, x, position_ids):
        # In contrast to other models, Qwen3_5Text has different position ids for the grids
        # So position_ids is broadcast to (3, bs, positions) and freqs has shape (3, bs, positions, dim // 2)
        position_ids = position_ids.expand(3, -1, -1)
        freqs = position_ids[..., None].float() * self.inv_freq.to(device=x.device, dtype=torch.float)
        cos = freqs.cos() * self.attention_scaling
        sin = freqs.sin() * self.attention_scaling

        sin = self.recomposition_frequencies(sin)
        cos = self.recomposition_frequencies(cos)
        return cos.to(dtype=x.dtype), sin.to(dtype=x.dtype)

    def recomposition_frequencies(self, freq):
        """
        Recompose the frequencies into the final spatial layout used per each grid.
        """
        freqs_thw = freq[0]  # just overwrite the first dimension T
        for dim, offset in enumerate((1, 2), start=1):  # H, W
            length = self.mrope_section[dim] * 3
            idx = slice(offset, length, 3)
            freqs_thw[..., idx] = freq[dim, ..., idx]
        return torch.cat((freqs_thw, freqs_thw), dim=-1)


# NOTE: the FLA package does not re-cast to `input_dtype` in its implementation, maybe we should do the same
@use_kernel_forward_from_hub("RMSNormGated")
class Qwen3_5RMSNormGated(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, hidden_size: int, eps: float = 1e-6, **kwargs) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.ones(hidden_size))
        self.variance_epsilon = eps
        self.activation = "silu"

    def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor, gate: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        input_dtype = hidden_states.dtype
        hidden_states = hidden_states.to(torch.float32)
        variance = hidden_states.pow(2).mean(-1, keepdim=True)
        # Norm before gate
        hidden_states = hidden_states * torch.rsqrt(variance + self.variance_epsilon)
        hidden_states = self.weight * hidden_states.to(input_dtype)
        hidden_states = hidden_states * ACT2FN[self.activation](gate.to(torch.float32))

        return hidden_states.to(input_dtype)


def apply_mask_to_padding_states(hidden_states, attention_mask):
    """
    Tunes out the hidden states for padding tokens, see https://github.com/state-spaces/mamba/issues/66
    """
    # NOTE: attention mask is a 2D boolean tensor
    if attention_mask is not None:
        dtype = hidden_states.dtype
        hidden_states = (hidden_states * attention_mask[:, :, None]).to(dtype)

    return hidden_states


@use_kernel_func_from_hub_with_fallback("causal_conv1d_update", "causal_conv1d")
def causal_conv1d_update(
    hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
    conv_state: torch.Tensor,
    weight: nn.Parameter,
    bias: nn.Parameter | None = None,
    activation: str | None = None,
):
    _, hidden_size, seq_len = hidden_states.shape
    state_len = conv_state.shape[-1]

    hidden_states_new = torch.cat([conv_state, hidden_states], dim=-1).to(weight.dtype)
    conv_state.copy_(hidden_states_new[:, :, -state_len:])
    out = F.conv1d(hidden_states_new, weight.unsqueeze(1), bias, padding=0, groups=hidden_size)
    out = out[:, :, -seq_len:]
    if activation is not None:
        out = ACT2FN[activation](out)
    return out.to(hidden_states.dtype)


@use_kernel_func_from_hub_with_fallback("causal_conv1d_fn", "causal_conv1d")
def causal_conv1d_fn(
    hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
    weight: nn.Parameter,
    bias: nn.Parameter | None = None,
    activation: str | None = None,
    **kwargs,
):
    _, hidden_size, seq_len = hidden_states.shape
    padding = weight.shape[-1] - 1

    out = F.conv1d(
        hidden_states.to(weight.dtype),
        weight=weight.unsqueeze(1),
        bias=bias,
        padding=padding,
        groups=hidden_size,
    )[:, :, :seq_len]
    if activation is not None:
        out = ACT2FN[activation](out)
    return out.to(hidden_states.dtype)


# NOTE: the FLA package computes `x / torch.sqrt((x * x).sum(dim=dim, keepdim=True) + eps)` instead, so if we align
# with the GatedRMSNorm, maybe we can make that change as well.
def l2norm(x: torch.FloatTensor, dim: int = -1, eps: float = 1e-6):
    """This function is intended to align with the l2norm implementation in the FLA library."""
    inv_norm = torch.rsqrt((x * x).sum(dim=dim, keepdim=True) + eps)
    return x * inv_norm


@use_kernel_func_from_hub_with_fallback("chunk_gated_delta_rule", "fla")
def torch_chunk_gated_delta_rule(
    query: torch.Tensor,
    key: torch.Tensor,
    value: torch.Tensor,
    g: torch.Tensor,
    beta: torch.Tensor,
    chunk_size: int = 64,
    initial_state: torch.Tensor | None = None,
    output_final_state: bool = False,
    use_qk_l2norm_in_kernel: bool = False,
    **kwargs,
) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor | None]:
    """Computes the gated delta rule, by chunking along the sequence dimension.
    Args:
        query: Query tensor of shape [batch_size, sequence_length, num_k_heads, k_head_dim]
        key: Key tensor of shape [batch_size, sequence_length, num_k_heads, k_head_dim]
        value: Value tensor of shape [batch_size, sequence_length, num_v_heads, v_head_dim]. num_v_heads can be equal
            to num_k_heads, same for v_head_dim and k_head_dim.
        g: Decay (in log space) tensor of shape [batch_size, sequence_length, num_v_heads]: the recurrent state is
            multiplied by exp(g) at each step, so entries must be <= 0.
        beta: Beta tensor of shape [batch_size, sequence_length, num_v_heads]
        chunk_size: Size of the chunks along the sequence dimension.
        initial_state: The recurrent state, an optional tensor of shape [batch_size, num_v_heads, k_head_dim, v_head_dim]
        output_final_state: Whether to output the new recurrent state along with the output.
        use_qk_l2norm_in_kernel: If this flag is set to True, query and key vectors are L2-normalized.
    Returns:
        - The output tensor of shape [batch_size, sequence_length, num_v_heads, v_head_dim]
        - Either None or the new recurrent state tensor of shape [batch_size, num_v_heads, k_head_dim, v_head_dim]
    """
    initial_dtype = query.dtype
    batch_size, sequence_length, _, k_head_dim = key.shape
    num_v_heads, v_head_dim = value.shape[-2:]
    recurrent_state_shape = (batch_size, num_v_heads, k_head_dim, v_head_dim)
    padded_output_shape = (batch_size, num_v_heads, -1, v_head_dim)  # -1 is the padded sequence length
    decay = g  # rename for clarity: argument name must stay "g" to match flash_linear_attention's API

    # Make sure all tensors are fp32 and reshape them to [batch_size, num_*_heads, seqlen, ...]
    query, key, value, beta, decay = [
        x.transpose(1, 2).to(torch.float32, memory_format=torch.contiguous_format)
        for x in (query, key, value, beta, decay)
    ]
    # If enabled, normalize query and key vectors (in fp32 to match the FLA library)
    if use_qk_l2norm_in_kernel:
        query = l2norm(query, dim=-1, eps=1e-6)
        key = l2norm(key, dim=-1, eps=1e-6)
    # And always normalize queries by the head dimension
    scaling = query.shape[-1] ** -0.5
    query = query * scaling

    # Pad sequence length to be a multiple of chunk_size. Padding is described as (left_pad, right_pad) for each dim.
    pad_size = (chunk_size - sequence_length % chunk_size) % chunk_size
    query, key, value = (F.pad(x, (0, 0, 0, pad_size)) for x in (query, key, value))
    beta, decay = (F.pad(x, (0, pad_size)) for x in (beta, decay))

    total_sequence_length = sequence_length + pad_size
    num_chunks = total_sequence_length // chunk_size

    # Apply beta to K and V, which is the "learning rate" of the recurrent state for a given token, ie. how much the new
    # state influence the old state. Beta is often normalized to (0, 1) where 0 = no update; 1 = overwrite old state.
    v_beta = value * beta.unsqueeze(-1)
    k_beta = key * beta.unsqueeze(-1)

    # Reshape all tensors to chunk the sequence dimension (adds a new dimension of size chunk_size)
    query, key, k_beta, v_beta = [
        x.reshape(x.shape[0], x.shape[1], -1, chunk_size, x.shape[-1]) for x in (query, key, k_beta, v_beta)
    ]
    decay = decay.reshape(decay.shape[0], decay.shape[1], -1, chunk_size)

    # Create a chunk-sized strictly upper triangular mask, ie. the mask of what a causal chunk may not attend to
    strictly_upper_mask = torch.ones(chunk_size, chunk_size, dtype=torch.bool, device=query.device).triu(1)

    # Cumulative decay within each chunk (dim 3 is the position inside the chunk). Since decay is in log space,
    # cum_decay[..., t] is the log of a product of decays between the start of the chunk and position t
    cum_decay = decay.cumsum(dim=3)

    # First phase: compute intra-chunk quantities.
    # The pairwise decays: pairwise_decay[..., i, j] = exp(cum_decay_i - cum_decay_j) is the decay accumulated between
    # positions j and i of a chunk. Positive values are masked to -inf before exp to avoid overflow
    pairwise_decay = cum_decay.unsqueeze(4) - cum_decay.unsqueeze(3)
    pairwise_decay = pairwise_decay.masked_fill(strictly_upper_mask, float("-inf"))
    pairwise_decay = pairwise_decay.exp()  # with the exp, we exit log space, so we can apply this decay to the states

    # Compute auxiliary tensors: the Upper Triangular (ut) transform system and the intra-chunk attn (QK dot product)
    ut_system = (k_beta @ key.transpose(-1, -2)) * pairwise_decay
    intra_chunk_attn = (query @ key.transpose(-1, -2)) * pairwise_decay
    decayed_k_beta = k_beta * cum_decay.exp().unsqueeze(-1)

    # Gated delta attention uses a UT transform to condense several delta rule updates into a few matmuls. After the UT
    # system is solved, we can then compute the new_values (called "u" in the DeltaNet paper) and the decayed keys
    # reading the old state (k_cumdecay). In the update, the part of new_values that the old state already predicts is
    # subtracted out, so that only the correction is written to the recurrent state: this is the delta rule.

    # Not all export targets support the fast triangular solver, so we build the inverse by forward substitution then
    if not is_torchdynamo_exporting():
        new_values = torch.linalg.solve_triangular(ut_system, v_beta, upper=False, unitriangular=True)
        k_cumdecay = torch.linalg.solve_triangular(ut_system, decayed_k_beta, upper=False, unitriangular=True)
    else:
        ut_system = -ut_system.tril(-1)  # ut_system is masked to only keep the strictly lower triangle
        for i in range(1, chunk_size):
            row = ut_system[..., i, :i].clone()
            sub = ut_system[..., :i, :i].clone()
            ut_system[..., i, :i] = row + (row.unsqueeze(-1) * sub).sum(-2)
        ut_system = ut_system + torch.eye(chunk_size, dtype=ut_system.dtype, device=ut_system.device)
        new_values, k_cumdecay = ut_system @ v_beta, ut_system @ decayed_k_beta

    if initial_state is None:
        last_recurrent_state = torch.zeros(recurrent_state_shape, dtype=new_values.dtype, device=new_values.device)
    else:
        last_recurrent_state = initial_state.to(new_values)
    core_attn_out = torch.zeros_like(new_values)

    # Apply decay once rather than in each chunk
    query = query * cum_decay.exp().unsqueeze(-1)
    key = key * (cum_decay[..., -1:] - cum_decay).exp().unsqueeze(-1)
    chunk_decay = cum_decay[..., -1].exp()[..., None, None]

    # Second phase: the sequential scan over chunks
    for i in range(num_chunks):
        # Compute attention output for the current chunk: add the read of the previous recurrent state
        # (inter_chunk_attn) with the within-chunk attention (intra_chunk_attn)
        v_new = new_values[:, :, i] - k_cumdecay[:, :, i] @ last_recurrent_state
        inter_chunk_attn = query[:, :, i] @ last_recurrent_state
        core_attn_out[:, :, i] = inter_chunk_attn + intra_chunk_attn[:, :, i] @ v_new
        # Update the recurrent state: new recurrent state (S_t+1) = decayed old state (S_t * (I-βkk^T)) + update (βvk^T)
        last_recurrent_state = last_recurrent_state * chunk_decay[:, :, i] + key[:, :, i].transpose(-1, -2) @ v_new

    # Discard the final state if not requested
    last_recurrent_state = None if not output_final_state else last_recurrent_state
    # Reshape the output to the orignal shape: flatten the chunk dimension, then drop padding
    core_attn_out = core_attn_out.reshape(padded_output_shape)
    core_attn_out = core_attn_out[:, :, :sequence_length]
    # Convert back to the original shape [batch_size, sequence_length, num_v_heads, v_head_dim] and dtype
    core_attn_out = core_attn_out.transpose(1, 2).to(initial_dtype, memory_format=torch.contiguous_format)
    return core_attn_out, last_recurrent_state


@use_kernel_func_from_hub_with_fallback("fused_recurrent_gated_delta_rule", "fla")
def torch_recurrent_gated_delta_rule(
    query: torch.Tensor,
    key: torch.Tensor,
    value: torch.Tensor,
    g: torch.Tensor,
    beta: torch.Tensor,
    initial_state: torch.Tensor | None = None,
    output_final_state: bool = False,
    use_qk_l2norm_in_kernel: bool = False,
    **kwargs,
) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor | None]:
    """Computes linear attention using the gated delta rule, by iterating over each token in the sequence dimension.
    Same args and return value as torch_chunk_gated_delta_rule, except for `chunk_size` because the sequence dim is not
    chunked."""
    initial_dtype = query.dtype
    batch_size, sequence_length, _, k_head_dim = key.shape
    num_v_heads, v_head_dim = value.shape[-2:]
    decay = g  # rename for clarity: argument name must stay "g" to match flash_linear_attention's API

    # Make sure all tensors are fp32 and reshape them to [batch_size, num_*_heads, seqlen, ...]
    query, key, value, beta, decay = [
        x.transpose(1, 2).to(torch.float32, memory_format=torch.contiguous_format)
        for x in (query, key, value, beta, decay)
    ]
    # If enabled, normalize query and key vectors (done once in fp32 for better accuracy)
    if use_qk_l2norm_in_kernel:
        query = l2norm(query, dim=-1, eps=1e-6)
        key = l2norm(key, dim=-1, eps=1e-6)

    # And always normalize queries by the head dimension
    query = query / (query.shape[-1] ** 0.5)

    # Create the storage for the last recurrent state, which will be updated in place. If a previous state is provided,
    # it is the starting point, otherwise start with a zeroed buffer.
    if initial_state is None:
        recurrent_state_shape = (batch_size, num_v_heads, k_head_dim, v_head_dim)
        last_recurrent_state = torch.zeros(recurrent_state_shape, dtype=value.dtype, device=value.device)
    else:
        last_recurrent_state = initial_state.to(value)
    core_attn_out = torch.zeros_like(value)

    # Loop over each token and update the recurrent state
    for i in range(sequence_length):
        q_t, k_t, v_t = query[:, :, i], key[:, :, i], value[:, :, i]
        # Decay the recurrent state
        decay_t = decay[:, :, i].exp()[..., None, None]
        last_recurrent_state = last_recurrent_state * decay_t
        # Update the recurrent state with the current token
        beta_t = beta[:, :, i].unsqueeze(-1)
        kv_mem = (last_recurrent_state * k_t.unsqueeze(-1)).sum(dim=-2)
        delta = (v_t - kv_mem) * beta_t
        last_recurrent_state = last_recurrent_state + k_t.unsqueeze(-1) * delta.unsqueeze(-2)
        # And use it to compute the attention output for the current token
        core_attn_out[:, :, i] = (last_recurrent_state * q_t.unsqueeze(-1)).sum(dim=-2)

    # Discard the final state if not requested
    last_recurrent_state = None if not output_final_state else last_recurrent_state
    # Convert back to the original shape [batch_size, sequence_length, num_v_heads, v_head_dim] and dtype
    core_attn_out = core_attn_out.transpose(1, 2).contiguous().to(initial_dtype)
    return core_attn_out, last_recurrent_state


@use_kernel_forward_from_hub("Qwen3_5GatedDeltaNet")
@use_kernelized_func(
    [torch_recurrent_gated_delta_rule, torch_chunk_gated_delta_rule, causal_conv1d_fn, causal_conv1d_update]
)
class Qwen3_5GatedDeltaNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: Qwen3_5Config, layer_idx: int):
        super().__init__()
        self.hidden_size = config.hidden_size
        self.num_v_heads = config.linear_num_value_heads
        self.num_k_heads = config.linear_num_key_heads
        self.head_k_dim = config.linear_key_head_dim
        self.head_v_dim = config.linear_value_head_dim
        self.key_dim = self.head_k_dim * self.num_k_heads
        self.value_dim = self.head_v_dim * self.num_v_heads

        self.conv_kernel_size = config.linear_conv_kernel_dim
        self.layer_idx = layer_idx
        self.activation = config.hidden_act
        self.layer_norm_epsilon = config.rms_norm_eps

        # QKV
        self.conv_dim = self.key_dim * 2 + self.value_dim
        self.conv1d = nn.Conv1d(
            in_channels=self.conv_dim,
            out_channels=self.conv_dim,
            bias=False,
            kernel_size=self.conv_kernel_size,
            groups=self.conv_dim,
            padding=self.conv_kernel_size - 1,
        )

        # time step projection (discretization)
        # instantiate once and copy inv_dt in init_weights of PretrainedModel
        self.dt_bias = nn.Parameter(torch.ones(self.num_v_heads))

        # Lower bound kept away from 0 so log(A) never becomes -inf
        A = torch.empty(self.num_v_heads).uniform_(0.01, 16)
        self.A_log = nn.Parameter(torch.log(A))

        self.norm = Qwen3_5RMSNormGated(self.head_v_dim, eps=self.layer_norm_epsilon)
        self.out_proj = nn.Linear(self.value_dim, self.hidden_size, bias=False)

        self.layer_type = config.layer_types[layer_idx]

        self.in_proj_qkv = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.key_dim * 2 + self.value_dim, bias=False)
        self.in_proj_z = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.value_dim, bias=False)
        self.in_proj_b = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.num_v_heads, bias=False)
        self.in_proj_a = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.num_v_heads, bias=False)

    @force_accelerate_hooks("conv1d")
    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        cache_params: Cache | None = None,
        attention_mask: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        **kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
    ):
        hidden_states = apply_mask_to_padding_states(hidden_states, attention_mask)

        # Set up dimensions for reshapes later
        batch_size, seq_len, _ = hidden_states.shape
        use_precomputed_states = cache_params is not None and cache_params.has_previous_state(
            self.layer_idx, state_idx=0
        )

        mixed_qkv = self.in_proj_qkv(hidden_states)
        mixed_qkv = mixed_qkv.transpose(1, 2)

        z = self.in_proj_z(hidden_states)
        z = z.reshape(batch_size, seq_len, -1, self.head_v_dim)

        b = self.in_proj_b(hidden_states)
        a = self.in_proj_a(hidden_states)

        if use_precomputed_states and seq_len == 1 and not cache_params.layers[self.layer_idx].record_past:
            conv_state = cache_params.layers[self.layer_idx].conv_states[0]
            # Single-token cached decode: the fused per-step kernel updates the conv state in-place.
            mixed_qkv = causal_conv1d_update(
                mixed_qkv,
                conv_state,
                self.conv1d.weight.squeeze(1),
                self.conv1d.bias,
                self.activation,
            )
        else:
            if cache_params is not None:
                mixed_qkv = cache_params.update_conv_state(
                    mixed_qkv, self.layer_idx, conv_kernel_size=self.conv_kernel_size
                )

            mixed_qkv = causal_conv1d_fn(
                mixed_qkv,
                self.conv1d.weight.squeeze(1),
                self.conv1d.bias,
                activation=self.activation,
                **kwargs,
            )

            # Drop the additional previous states
            if cache_params is not None:
                mixed_qkv = mixed_qkv[:, :, -seq_len:]

        mixed_qkv = mixed_qkv.transpose(1, 2)
        query, key, value = torch.split(
            mixed_qkv,
            [
                self.key_dim,
                self.key_dim,
                self.value_dim,
            ],
            dim=-1,
        )

        query = query.reshape(batch_size, seq_len, -1, self.head_k_dim)
        key = key.reshape(batch_size, seq_len, -1, self.head_k_dim)
        value = value.reshape(batch_size, seq_len, -1, self.head_v_dim)

        beta = b.sigmoid()
        # If the model is loaded in fp16, without the .float() here, A might be -inf
        g = -self.A_log.float().exp() * F.softplus(a.float() + self.dt_bias)
        if self.num_v_heads // self.num_k_heads > 1:
            query = query.repeat_interleave(self.num_v_heads // self.num_k_heads, dim=2)
            key = key.repeat_interleave(self.num_v_heads // self.num_k_heads, dim=2)

        recurrent_state = cache_params.layers[self.layer_idx].recurrent_states[0] if use_precomputed_states else None
        if use_precomputed_states and seq_len == 1:
            core_attn_out, last_recurrent_state = torch_recurrent_gated_delta_rule(
                query,
                key,
                value,
                g=g,
                beta=beta,
                initial_state=recurrent_state,
                output_final_state=cache_params is not None,
                use_qk_l2norm_in_kernel=True,
                cu_seqlens=kwargs.pop("cu_seq_lens_q", None),
                **kwargs,
            )
        else:
            core_attn_out, last_recurrent_state = torch_chunk_gated_delta_rule(
                query,
                key,
                value,
                g=g,
                beta=beta,
                initial_state=recurrent_state,
                output_final_state=cache_params is not None,
                use_qk_l2norm_in_kernel=True,
                cu_seqlens=kwargs.pop("cu_seq_lens_q", None),
                **kwargs,
            )

        # Update cache
        if cache_params is not None:
            cache_params.update_recurrent_state(last_recurrent_state, self.layer_idx)

        # reshape input data into 2D tensor
        core_attn_out = core_attn_out.reshape(-1, self.head_v_dim)
        z = z.reshape(-1, self.head_v_dim)
        core_attn_out = self.norm(core_attn_out, z)
        core_attn_out = core_attn_out.reshape(batch_size, seq_len, -1)

        output = self.out_proj(core_attn_out)
        return output


def rotate_half(x):
    """Rotates half the hidden dims of the input."""
    x1 = x[..., : x.shape[-1] // 2]
    x2 = x[..., x.shape[-1] // 2 :]
    return torch.cat((-x2, x1), dim=-1)


# Adapted from transformers.models.glm.modular_glm.apply_rotary_pos_emb
def apply_rotary_pos_emb(q, k, cos, sin, unsqueeze_dim=1):
    """Applies Rotary Position Embedding to the query and key tensors.

    Removes the interleaving of cos and sin from GLM

    Args:
        q (`torch.Tensor`): The query tensor.
        k (`torch.Tensor`): The key tensor.
        cos (`torch.Tensor`): The cosine part of the rotary embedding.
        sin (`torch.Tensor`): The sine part of the rotary embedding.
        unsqueeze_dim (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 1):
            The 'unsqueeze_dim' argument specifies the dimension along which to unsqueeze cos[position_ids] and
            sin[position_ids] so that they can be properly broadcasted to the dimensions of q and k. For example, note
            that cos[position_ids] and sin[position_ids] have the shape [batch_size, seq_len, head_dim]. Then, if q and
            k have the shape [batch_size, heads, seq_len, head_dim], then setting unsqueeze_dim=1 makes
            cos[position_ids] and sin[position_ids] broadcastable to the shapes of q and k. Similarly, if q and k have
            the shape [batch_size, seq_len, heads, head_dim], then set unsqueeze_dim=2.
    Returns:
        `tuple(torch.Tensor)` comprising of the query and key tensors rotated using the Rotary Position Embedding.
    """
    cos = cos.unsqueeze(unsqueeze_dim)
    sin = sin.unsqueeze(unsqueeze_dim)

    # Keep half or full tensor for later concatenation
    rotary_dim = cos.shape[-1]
    q_rot, q_pass = q[..., :rotary_dim], q[..., rotary_dim:]
    k_rot, k_pass = k[..., :rotary_dim], k[..., rotary_dim:]

    # Apply rotary embeddings on the first half or full tensor
    q_embed = (q_rot * cos) + (rotate_half(q_rot) * sin)
    k_embed = (k_rot * cos) + (rotate_half(k_rot) * sin)

    # Concatenate back to full shape
    q_embed = torch.cat([q_embed, q_pass], dim=-1)
    k_embed = torch.cat([k_embed, k_pass], dim=-1)
    return q_embed, k_embed


def repeat_kv(hidden_states: torch.Tensor, n_rep: int) -> torch.Tensor:
    """
    This is the equivalent of torch.repeat_interleave(x, dim=1, repeats=n_rep). The hidden states go from (batch,
    num_key_value_heads, seqlen, head_dim) to (batch, num_attention_heads, seqlen, head_dim)
    """
    batch, num_key_value_heads, slen, head_dim = hidden_states.shape
    if n_rep == 1:
        return hidden_states
    hidden_states = hidden_states[:, :, None, :, :].expand(batch, num_key_value_heads, n_rep, slen, head_dim)
    return hidden_states.reshape(batch, num_key_value_heads * n_rep, slen, head_dim)


def eager_attention_forward(
    module: nn.Module,
    query: torch.Tensor,
    key: torch.Tensor,
    value: torch.Tensor,
    attention_mask: torch.Tensor | None,
    scaling: float,
    dropout: float = 0.0,
    **kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
):
    key_states = repeat_kv(key, module.num_key_value_groups)
    value_states = repeat_kv(value, module.num_key_value_groups)

    attn_weights = torch.matmul(query, key_states.transpose(2, 3)) * scaling
    if attention_mask is not None:
        attn_weights = attn_weights + attention_mask

    attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(attn_weights, dim=-1, dtype=torch.float32).to(query.dtype)
    attn_weights = nn.functional.dropout(attn_weights, p=dropout, training=module.training)
    attn_output = torch.matmul(attn_weights, value_states)
    attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2).contiguous()

    return attn_output, attn_weights


class Qwen3_5Attention(nn.Module):
    """Multi-headed attention from 'Attention Is All You Need' paper"""

    def __init__(self, config: Qwen3_5Config, layer_idx: int):
        super().__init__()
        self.config = config
        self.layer_idx = layer_idx
        self.head_dim = getattr(config, "head_dim", config.hidden_size // config.num_attention_heads)
        self.num_key_value_groups = config.num_attention_heads // config.num_key_value_heads
        self.scaling = self.head_dim**-0.5
        self.attention_dropout = config.attention_dropout
        self.is_causal = True
        self.q_proj = nn.Linear(
            config.hidden_size, config.num_attention_heads * self.head_dim * 2, bias=config.attention_bias
        )
        self.k_proj = nn.Linear(
            config.hidden_size, config.num_key_value_heads * self.head_dim, bias=config.attention_bias
        )
        self.v_proj = nn.Linear(
            config.hidden_size, config.num_key_value_heads * self.head_dim, bias=config.attention_bias
        )
        self.o_proj = nn.Linear(
            config.num_attention_heads * self.head_dim, config.hidden_size, bias=config.attention_bias
        )
        self.q_norm = Qwen3_5RMSNorm(self.head_dim, eps=config.rms_norm_eps)  # unlike olmo, only on the head dim!
        self.k_norm = Qwen3_5RMSNorm(self.head_dim, eps=config.rms_norm_eps)  # thus post q_norm does not need reshape

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        position_embeddings: tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor],
        attention_mask: torch.Tensor | None,
        past_key_values: Cache | None = None,
        **kwargs: Unpack[FlashAttentionKwargs],
    ) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor | None]:
        input_shape = hidden_states.shape[:-1]
        hidden_shape = (*input_shape, -1, self.head_dim)

        query_states, gate = torch.chunk(
            self.q_proj(hidden_states).view(*input_shape, -1, self.head_dim * 2), 2, dim=-1
        )
        gate = gate.reshape(*input_shape, -1)

        query_states = self.q_norm(query_states.view(hidden_shape)).transpose(1, 2)
        key_states = self.k_norm(self.k_proj(hidden_states).view(hidden_shape)).transpose(1, 2)
        value_states = self.v_proj(hidden_states).view(hidden_shape).transpose(1, 2)

        cos, sin = position_embeddings
        query_states, key_states = apply_rotary_pos_emb(query_states, key_states, cos, sin)

        if past_key_values is not None:
            key_states, value_states = past_key_values.update(key_states, value_states, self.layer_idx)

        attention_interface: Callable = ALL_ATTENTION_FUNCTIONS.get_interface(
            self.config._attn_implementation, eager_attention_forward
        )

        attn_output, attn_weights = attention_interface(
            self,
            query_states,
            key_states,
            value_states,
            attention_mask,
            dropout=0.0 if not self.training else self.attention_dropout,
            scaling=self.scaling,
            **kwargs,
        )

        attn_output = attn_output.reshape(*input_shape, -1).contiguous()
        attn_output = attn_output * torch.sigmoid(gate)

        attn_output = self.o_proj(attn_output)
        return attn_output, attn_weights


class Qwen3_5MLP(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: Qwen3_5Config, intermediate_size: int):
        super().__init__()
        self.config = config
        self.hidden_size = config.hidden_size
        self.intermediate_size = intermediate_size
        self.gate_proj = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.intermediate_size, bias=False)
        self.up_proj = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.intermediate_size, bias=False)
        self.down_proj = nn.Linear(self.intermediate_size, self.hidden_size, bias=False)
        self.act_fn = ACT2FN[config.hidden_act]

    def forward(self, x):
        down_proj = self.down_proj(self.act_fn(self.gate_proj(x)) * self.up_proj(x))
        return down_proj


@use_kernel_forward_from_hub("RMSNormZeroCentered")
class Qwen3_5RMSNorm(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, dim: int, eps: float = 1e-6):
        super().__init__()
        self.eps = eps
        self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(dim))

    def _norm(self, x):
        return x * torch.rsqrt(x.pow(2).mean(-1, keepdim=True) + self.eps)

    def forward(self, x):
        output = self._norm(x.float())
        # Llama does x.to(float16) * w whilst Qwen3_5 is (x * w).to(float16)
        # See https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/pull/29402
        output = output * (1.0 + self.weight.float())
        return output.type_as(x)

    def extra_repr(self):
        return f"{tuple(self.weight.shape)}, eps={self.eps}"


class Qwen3_5DecoderLayer(GradientCheckpointingLayer):
    def __init__(self, config: Qwen3_5TextConfig, layer_idx: int):
        super().__init__()
        self.hidden_size = config.hidden_size
        self.block_type = config.layer_types[layer_idx]
        if self.block_type == "linear_attention":
            self.linear_attn = Qwen3_5GatedDeltaNet(config, layer_idx)
        elif self.block_type == "full_attention":
            self.self_attn = Qwen3_5Attention(config, layer_idx)
        self.mlp = Qwen3_5MLP(config, config.intermediate_size)
        self.input_layernorm = Qwen3_5RMSNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.rms_norm_eps)
        self.post_attention_layernorm = Qwen3_5RMSNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.rms_norm_eps)

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        position_embeddings: tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor],
        attention_mask: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        position_ids: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        past_key_values: Cache | None = None,
        **kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
    ) -> torch.FloatTensor:
        residual = hidden_states

        hidden_states = self.input_layernorm(hidden_states)

        # Token Mixer
        if self.block_type == "linear_attention":
            hidden_states = self.linear_attn(
                hidden_states=hidden_states,
                cache_params=past_key_values,
                attention_mask=attention_mask,
                **kwargs,
            )
        elif self.block_type == "full_attention":
            # Self Attention
            hidden_states, _ = self.self_attn(
                hidden_states=hidden_states,
                attention_mask=attention_mask,
                position_ids=position_ids,
                past_key_values=past_key_values,
                position_embeddings=position_embeddings,
                **kwargs,
            )

        hidden_states = residual + hidden_states

        # Fully Connected
        residual = hidden_states
        hidden_states = self.post_attention_layernorm(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.mlp(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = residual + hidden_states

        return hidden_states


class Qwen3_5PreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
    config: Qwen3_5Config
    base_model_prefix = "model"
    supports_gradient_checkpointing = True
    _no_split_modules = ["Qwen3_5DecoderLayer", "Qwen3_5VisionBlock"]
    _skip_keys_device_placement = ["past_key_values"]
    _supports_flash_attn = True
    _supports_sdpa = True
    _keys_to_ignore_on_load_unexpected = [r"^mtp.*"]
    _can_record_outputs = {
        "hidden_states": Qwen3_5DecoderLayer,
        "attentions": Qwen3_5Attention,
    }
    _is_stateful = True
    _can_compile_fullgraph = True

    @torch.no_grad()
    def _init_weights(self, module):
        super()._init_weights(module)
        if isinstance(module, Qwen3_5GatedDeltaNet):
            init.ones_(module.dt_bias)
            # Lower bound kept away from 0 so log(A) never becomes -inf
            init.copy_(
                module.A_log,
                torch.empty(module.num_v_heads, device=module.A_log.device).uniform_(0.01, 16).log_(),
            )
        # We initialize with 0s to be 1 centered as the RMSNorm here does (1 + weight)
        elif isinstance(module, Qwen3_5RMSNorm):
            init.zeros_(module.weight)


class Qwen3_5VisionMLP(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config):
        super().__init__()
        self.hidden_size = config.hidden_size
        self.intermediate_size = config.intermediate_size
        self.linear_fc1 = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.intermediate_size, bias=True)
        self.linear_fc2 = nn.Linear(self.intermediate_size, self.hidden_size, bias=True)
        self.act_fn = ACT2FN[config.hidden_act]

    def forward(self, hidden_state):
        return self.linear_fc2(self.act_fn(self.linear_fc1(hidden_state)))


class Qwen3_5VisionPatchEmbed(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.patch_size = config.patch_size
        self.temporal_patch_size = config.temporal_patch_size
        self.in_channels = config.in_channels
        self.embed_dim = config.hidden_size

        kernel_size = [self.temporal_patch_size, self.patch_size, self.patch_size]
        self.proj = nn.Conv3d(self.in_channels, self.embed_dim, kernel_size=kernel_size, stride=kernel_size, bias=True)

    def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        target_dtype = self.proj.weight.dtype
        hidden_states = hidden_states.view(
            -1, self.in_channels, self.temporal_patch_size, self.patch_size, self.patch_size
        )
        hidden_states = self.proj(hidden_states.to(dtype=target_dtype)).view(-1, self.embed_dim)
        return hidden_states


class Qwen3_5VisionPatchMerger(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: Qwen3_5VisionConfig, use_postshuffle_norm=False) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.hidden_size = config.hidden_size * (config.spatial_merge_size**2)
        self.use_postshuffle_norm = use_postshuffle_norm
        self.norm = nn.LayerNorm(self.hidden_size if use_postshuffle_norm else config.hidden_size, eps=1e-6)
        self.linear_fc1 = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.hidden_size)
        self.act_fn = nn.GELU()
        self.linear_fc2 = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, config.out_hidden_size)

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        x = self.norm(x.view(-1, self.hidden_size) if self.use_postshuffle_norm else x).view(-1, self.hidden_size)
        x = self.linear_fc2(self.act_fn(self.linear_fc1(x)))
        return x


def apply_rotary_pos_emb_vision(
    q: torch.Tensor, k: torch.Tensor, cos: torch.Tensor, sin: torch.Tensor
) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
    orig_q_dtype = q.dtype
    orig_k_dtype = k.dtype
    q, k = q.float(), k.float()
    cos, sin = cos.unsqueeze(-2).float(), sin.unsqueeze(-2).float()
    q_embed = (q * cos) + (rotate_half(q) * sin)
    k_embed = (k * cos) + (rotate_half(k) * sin)
    q_embed = q_embed.to(orig_q_dtype)
    k_embed = k_embed.to(orig_k_dtype)
    return q_embed, k_embed


class Qwen3_5VisionAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: Qwen3_5VisionConfig) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.dim = config.hidden_size
        self.num_heads = config.num_heads
        self.head_dim = self.dim // self.num_heads
        self.num_key_value_groups = 1  # needed for eager attention
        self.qkv = nn.Linear(self.dim, self.dim * 3, bias=True)
        self.proj = nn.Linear(self.dim, self.dim)
        self.scaling = self.head_dim**-0.5
        self.config = config
        self.attention_dropout = 0.0
        self.is_causal = False

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        cu_seqlens: torch.Tensor,
        position_embeddings: tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor] | None = None,
        max_seqlen: int | None = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        seq_length = hidden_states.shape[0]
        query_states, key_states, value_states = (
            self.qkv(hidden_states).reshape(seq_length, 3, self.num_heads, -1).permute(1, 0, 2, 3).unbind(0)
        )
        cos, sin = position_embeddings
        query_states, key_states = apply_rotary_pos_emb_vision(query_states, key_states, cos, sin)

        query_states = query_states.transpose(0, 1).unsqueeze(0)
        key_states = key_states.transpose(0, 1).unsqueeze(0)
        value_states = value_states.transpose(0, 1).unsqueeze(0)

        attention_interface: Callable = ALL_ATTENTION_FUNCTIONS.get_interface(
            self.config._attn_implementation, eager_attention_forward
        )

        if is_flash_attention_requested(self.config):
            # Flash Attention: Use cu_seqlens for variable length attention
            max_seqlen = get_max_seqlen(cu_seqlens, self.config, kwargs={"max_seqlen": max_seqlen})
            attn_output, _ = attention_interface(
                self,
                query_states,
                key_states,
                value_states,
                attention_mask=None,
                scaling=self.scaling,
                dropout=0.0 if not self.training else self.attention_dropout,
                cu_seq_lens_q=cu_seqlens,
                cu_seq_lens_k=cu_seqlens,
                max_length_q=max_seqlen,
                max_length_k=max_seqlen,
                is_causal=False,
                **kwargs,
            )
        else:
            # Other implementations: Process each chunk separately
            lengths = cu_seqlens[1:] - cu_seqlens[:-1]
            splits = [
                torch.split(tensor, lengths.tolist(), dim=2) for tensor in (query_states, key_states, value_states)
            ]

            attn_outputs = [
                attention_interface(
                    self,
                    q,
                    k,
                    v,
                    attention_mask=None,
                    scaling=self.scaling,
                    dropout=0.0 if not self.training else self.attention_dropout,
                    is_causal=False,
                    **kwargs,
                )[0]
                for q, k, v in zip(*splits)
            ]
            attn_output = torch.cat(attn_outputs, dim=1)

        attn_output = attn_output.reshape(seq_length, -1).contiguous()
        attn_output = self.proj(attn_output)
        return attn_output


class Qwen3_5VisionBlock(GradientCheckpointingLayer):
    def __init__(self, config, attn_implementation: str = "sdpa") -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.norm1 = nn.LayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=1e-6)
        self.norm2 = nn.LayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=1e-6)
        self.attn = Qwen3_5VisionAttention(config=config)
        self.mlp = Qwen3_5VisionMLP(config=config)

    @auto_docstring
    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        cu_seqlens: torch.Tensor,
        position_embeddings: tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor] | None = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        r"""
        cu_seqlens (`torch.Tensor`):
            Cumulative sequence lengths used for packed variable-length attention in Flash Attention kernels.
        """
        hidden_states = hidden_states + self.attn(
            self.norm1(hidden_states),
            cu_seqlens=cu_seqlens,
            position_embeddings=position_embeddings,
            **kwargs,
        )
        hidden_states = hidden_states + self.mlp(self.norm2(hidden_states))
        return hidden_states


class Qwen3_5VisionModel(Qwen3_5PreTrainedModel):
    config: Qwen3_5VisionConfig
    input_modalities = ("image", "video")
    _can_record_outputs = {
        "hidden_states": Qwen3_5VisionBlock,
        "attentions": Qwen3_5VisionAttention,
    }
    _no_split_modules = ["Qwen3_5VisionBlock"]

    def __init__(self, config, *inputs, **kwargs) -> None:
        super().__init__(config, *inputs, **kwargs)
        self.spatial_merge_size = config.spatial_merge_size
        self.patch_size = config.patch_size
        self.spatial_merge_unit = self.spatial_merge_size * self.spatial_merge_size

        self.patch_embed = Qwen3_5VisionPatchEmbed(
            config=config,
        )

        self.pos_embed = nn.Embedding(config.num_position_embeddings, config.hidden_size)
        # How the (square) learned position grid is resampled to each image's grid.
        self.num_grid_per_side = int(config.num_position_embeddings**0.5)
        self.interpolation_align_corners = True
        self.interpolation_mode = "bilinear"

        self.rotary_pos_emb = Qwen3_5VisionRotaryEmbedding(config)

        self.blocks = nn.ModuleList([Qwen3_5VisionBlock(config) for _ in range(config.depth)])
        self.merger = Qwen3_5VisionPatchMerger(
            config=config,
            use_postshuffle_norm=False,
        )

        self.gradient_checkpointing = False

        self.post_init()

    @merge_with_config_defaults
    @capture_outputs
    def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor, grid_thw: torch.Tensor, **kwargs) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        Args:
            hidden_states (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(seq_len, hidden_size)`):
                The final hidden states of the model.
            grid_thw (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(num_images_or_videos, 3)`):
                The temporal, height and width of feature shape of each image in LLM.

        Returns:
            `torch.Tensor`: hidden_states.
        """
        interp_indices, interp_weights = get_vision_interpolation_indices_and_weights(
            grid_thw,
            num_grid_per_side=self.num_grid_per_side,
            mode=self.interpolation_mode,
            align_corners=self.interpolation_align_corners,
            spatial_merge_size=self.config.spatial_merge_size,
            kwargs=kwargs,
        )
        position_ids = get_vision_position_ids(grid_thw, self.spatial_merge_size, kwargs=kwargs)
        cu_seqlens, max_seqlen = get_vision_attention_seqlens(grid_thw, self.config, kwargs=kwargs)

        hidden_states = self.patch_embed(hidden_states)
        pos_embeds = (self.pos_embed(interp_indices) * interp_weights[:, :, None]).sum(1)
        hidden_states = hidden_states + pos_embeds.to(hidden_states.dtype)
        position_embeddings = self.rotary_pos_emb(hidden_states, position_ids)

        seq_len, _ = hidden_states.size()
        hidden_states = hidden_states.reshape(seq_len, -1)

        for blk in self.blocks:
            hidden_states = blk(
                hidden_states,
                cu_seqlens=cu_seqlens,
                max_seqlen=max_seqlen,
                position_embeddings=position_embeddings,
                **kwargs,
            )

        merged_hidden_states = self.merger(hidden_states)

        return BaseModelOutputWithPooling(
            last_hidden_state=hidden_states,
            pooler_output=merged_hidden_states,
        )


@auto_docstring
@dataclass
class Qwen3_5ModelOutputWithPast(BaseModelOutputWithPast):
    r"""
    rope_deltas (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, )`, *optional*):
        The rope index difference between sequence length and multimodal rope.
        The attribute is deprecated and will be removed in v5.20, use `model.base_model.rope_deltas` instead.
    """

    rope_deltas: torch.LongTensor | None = None


class Qwen3_5TextModel(Qwen3_5PreTrainedModel):
    config: Qwen3_5TextConfig

    def __init__(self, config: Qwen3_5TextConfig):
        super().__init__(config)
        self.embed_tokens = nn.Embedding(config.vocab_size, config.hidden_size, config.pad_token_id)
        self.layers = nn.ModuleList(
            [Qwen3_5DecoderLayer(config, layer_idx) for layer_idx in range(config.num_hidden_layers)]
        )
        self.norm = Qwen3_5RMSNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.rms_norm_eps)
        self.rotary_emb = Qwen3_5TextRotaryEmbedding(config=config)
        self.gradient_checkpointing = False
        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    @merge_with_config_defaults
    @capture_outputs
    @auto_docstring
    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        attention_mask: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        position_ids: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        past_key_values: Cache | None = None,
        inputs_embeds: torch.FloatTensor | None = None,
        use_cache: bool | None = None,
        **kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
    ) -> BaseModelOutputWithPast:
        if (input_ids is None) ^ (inputs_embeds is not None):
            raise ValueError("You must specify exactly one of input_ids or inputs_embeds")

        if inputs_embeds is None:
            inputs_embeds = self.embed_tokens(input_ids)

        if use_cache and past_key_values is None:
            past_key_values = DynamicCache(config=self.config)

        # the hard coded `4` is for text, temporal, height and width.
        if position_ids is None:
            past_seen_tokens = past_key_values.get_seq_length() if past_key_values is not None else 0
            position_ids = torch.arange(inputs_embeds.shape[1], device=inputs_embeds.device) + past_seen_tokens
            position_ids = position_ids.view(1, 1, -1).expand(4, inputs_embeds.shape[0], -1)
        elif position_ids.ndim == 2:
            position_ids = position_ids[None, ...].expand(4, position_ids.shape[0], -1)

        if position_ids.ndim == 3 and position_ids.shape[0] == 4:
            text_position_ids = position_ids[0]
            position_ids = position_ids[1:]
        else:
            text_position_ids = None

        if not isinstance(causal_mask_mapping := attention_mask, dict):
            # Prepare mask arguments
            mask_kwargs = {
                "config": self.config,
                "inputs_embeds": inputs_embeds,
                "attention_mask": attention_mask,
                "past_key_values": past_key_values,
                "position_ids": text_position_ids,
            }
            # Create the masks
            causal_mask_mapping = {
                "full_attention": create_causal_mask(**mask_kwargs),
                "linear_attention": create_recurrent_attention_mask(**mask_kwargs),
            }

        hidden_states = inputs_embeds
        position_embeddings = self.rotary_emb(hidden_states, position_ids)

        for i, decoder_layer in enumerate(self.layers[: self.config.num_hidden_layers]):
            hidden_states = decoder_layer(
                hidden_states,
                position_embeddings=position_embeddings,
                attention_mask=causal_mask_mapping[self.config.layer_types[i]],
                position_ids=text_position_ids,
                past_key_values=past_key_values,
                use_cache=use_cache,
                **kwargs,
            )

        hidden_states = self.norm(hidden_states)

        return Qwen3_5ModelOutputWithPast(
            last_hidden_state=hidden_states,
            past_key_values=past_key_values,
        )


@auto_docstring
class Qwen3_5Model(Qwen3_5PreTrainedModel):
    base_model_prefix = "model"
    # Reference: fix gemma3 grad acc #37208
    accepts_loss_kwargs = False
    _no_split_modules = ["Qwen3_5DecoderLayer", "Qwen3_5VisionBlock"]

    def __init__(self, config):
        super().__init__(config)
        self.visual = AutoModel.from_config(config.vision_config)
        self.language_model = AutoModel.from_config(config.text_config)
        self.rope_deltas = None  # cache rope_deltas here

        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    def get_vision_position_ids(
        self,
        start_position: int,
        grid_thw: list[int, int, int] | torch.Tensor,
        temp_merge_size: int = 1,
        spatial_merge_size: int = 1,
        time_interval: float | torch.Tensor = 1.0,
        device: str | torch.device | None = None,
    ):
        """
        Compute 3D positional indices for vision tokens derived from a single image or video input.

        The positions are generated from the input grid defined by temporal (T), height (H), and
        width (W) dimensions. Temporal and spatial dimensions can be downscaled according to the
        merge sizes used in the vision backbone. The resulting positions are offset by `start_position`.

        Args:
            start_position (`int`):
                Offset added to all computed positional indices.
            grid_thw (`Sequence[int]` or `torch.Tensor` of shape `(3,)`):
                The (T, H, W) grid representing the feature layout of the current image or video after patch embedding.
            temp_merge_size (`int`, *optional*):
                Factor by which the temporal dimension is reduced in the backbone. The temporal grid size is divided
                by this value. Defaults to 1.
            spatial_merge_size (`int`, *optional*):
                Factor by which the spatial dimensions (H and W) are reduced in the backbone. Both H and W are divided
                by this value. Defaults to 1.
            time_interval (`float` or scalar `torch.Tensor`, *optional*, defaults to 1.0):
                Spacing factor applied before quantizing temporal position indices.
            device (`str` or `torch.device`, *optional*):
                Device on which the resulting tensor is allocated. If `None`, uses the current default device.

        Returns:
            torch.LongTensor of shape (3, sequence_length):
                Positional indices for temporal, height, and width dimensions,
                flattened into sequence form and offset by `start_position`.
        """
        llm_grid_t, llm_grid_h, llm_grid_w = (
            grid_thw[0].item() // temp_merge_size,
            grid_thw[1].item() // spatial_merge_size,
            grid_thw[2].item() // spatial_merge_size,
        )

        position_temporal = (torch.arange(llm_grid_t, device=device) * time_interval).long()
        position_height = torch.arange(llm_grid_h, device=device) + start_position
        position_width = torch.arange(llm_grid_w, device=device) + start_position

        T_grid, H_grid, W_grid = torch.meshgrid(position_temporal, position_height, position_width, indexing="ij")
        vision_position_ids = torch.stack([T_grid, H_grid, W_grid], dim=0).reshape(3, -1)
        vision_position_ids[0] += start_position  # must be after time_interval multiply
        return vision_position_ids

    def get_rope_index(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.LongTensor,
        mm_token_type_ids: torch.IntTensor,
        image_grid_thw: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        video_grid_thw: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        attention_mask: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
        """
        Difference from Qwen2VL/Qwen2.5VL's get_rope_index:
        - Since Qwen3.5 use timestamps to separate videos, like <t1> <vision_start> <frame1> <vision_end> <t2> <vision_start> <frame2> <vision_end>, the video_grid_thw should also be split too.

        Args:
            input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`):
                Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default should you provide
                it.
            mm_token_type_ids (`torch.IntTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`):
                Token type ids matching each modality to a different value in the input sequence, i.e. text (0), image (1), video (2).
            image_grid_thw (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(num_images, 3)`, *optional*):
                The temporal, height and width of feature shape of each image in LLM.
            video_grid_thw (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(num_videos, 3)`, *optional*):
                The temporal, height and width of feature shape of each video in LLM.
            attention_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
                Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

                - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
                - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.

        Returns:
            position_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(3, batch_size, sequence_length)`)
            mrope_position_deltas (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size)`)
        """

        # Separate video grid thw into multiple grids because timestamps are used to separate videos.
        if video_grid_thw is not None:
            video_grid_thw = torch.repeat_interleave(video_grid_thw, video_grid_thw[:, 0], dim=0)
            video_grid_thw[:, 0] = 1
        spatial_merge_size = self.config.vision_config.spatial_merge_size

        mrope_position_deltas = []
        position_ids = torch.zeros(
            3,
            input_ids.shape[0],
            input_ids.shape[1],
            dtype=input_ids.dtype,
            device=input_ids.device,
        )
        grid_iters = {
            1: iter(image_grid_thw) if image_grid_thw is not None else None,
            2: iter(video_grid_thw) if video_grid_thw is not None else None,
        }

        for batch_idx, current_input_ids in enumerate(input_ids):
            input_token_type = mm_token_type_ids[batch_idx]
            if attention_mask is not None:
                current_input_ids = current_input_ids[attention_mask[batch_idx].bool()]
                input_token_type = input_token_type[attention_mask[batch_idx].bool()]

            input_type_group = []
            for key, group in itertools.groupby(enumerate(input_token_type.tolist()), lambda x: x[1]):
                group = list(group)
                start_index = group[0][0]
                end_index = group[-1][0] + 1
                input_type_group.append((key, start_index, end_index))

            current_pos = 0
            llm_pos_ids_list = []
            for modality_type, start_idx, end_idx in input_type_group:
                # text == 0
                if modality_type == 0:
                    text_len = end_idx - start_idx
                    llm_pos_ids_list.append(
                        torch.arange(text_len, device=input_ids.device).view(1, -1).expand(3, -1) + current_pos
                    )
                    current_pos += text_len
                # image == 1, video == 2
                else:
                    grid_thw = next(grid_iters[modality_type])
                    vision_position_ids = self.get_vision_position_ids(
                        current_pos, grid_thw, 1, spatial_merge_size, device=input_ids.device
                    )
                    llm_pos_ids_list.append(vision_position_ids)
                    current_pos += max(grid_thw[1], grid_thw[2]) // spatial_merge_size
            llm_positions = torch.cat(llm_pos_ids_list, dim=1).reshape(3, -1)
            if attention_mask is not None:
                position_ids[:, batch_idx, attention_mask[batch_idx].bool()] = llm_positions.to(position_ids.device)
            else:
                position_ids[:, batch_idx] = llm_positions.to(position_ids.device)
            mrope_position_deltas.append(llm_positions.max() + 1 - len(current_input_ids))
        mrope_position_deltas = torch.tensor(mrope_position_deltas, device=input_ids.device).unsqueeze(1)
        return position_ids, mrope_position_deltas

    @accepts_precomputed_kwargs(modality="video")
    @can_return_tuple
    @auto_docstring
    def get_video_features(
        self,
        pixel_values_videos: torch.FloatTensor,
        video_grid_thw: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        **kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
    ) -> tuple | BaseModelOutputWithPooling:
        # Same implementation as for images
        return self.get_image_features(pixel_values_videos, video_grid_thw, **kwargs)

    @accepts_precomputed_kwargs(modality="image")
    @can_return_tuple
    @auto_docstring
    def get_image_features(
        self,
        pixel_values: torch.FloatTensor,
        image_grid_thw: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        **kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
    ) -> tuple | BaseModelOutputWithPooling:
        pixel_values = pixel_values.type(self.visual.dtype)
        vision_outputs = self.visual(pixel_values, grid_thw=image_grid_thw, **kwargs)
        split_sizes = (image_grid_thw.prod(-1) // self.visual.spatial_merge_size**2).tolist()
        vision_outputs.pooler_output = torch.split(vision_outputs.pooler_output, split_sizes)

        return vision_outputs

    def get_placeholder_mask(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.LongTensor,
        inputs_embeds: torch.FloatTensor,
        image_features: torch.FloatTensor | None = None,
        video_features: torch.FloatTensor | None = None,
    ):
        """
        Obtains multimodal placeholder mask from `input_ids` or `inputs_embeds`, and checks that the placeholder token count is
        equal to the length of multimodal features. If the lengths are different, an error is raised.
        """
        if input_ids is None:
            special_image_mask = inputs_embeds == self.get_input_embeddings()(
                torch.full((), self.config.image_token_id, dtype=torch.long, device=inputs_embeds.device)
            )
            special_image_mask = special_image_mask.all(-1)
            special_video_mask = inputs_embeds == self.get_input_embeddings()(
                torch.full((), self.config.video_token_id, dtype=torch.long, device=inputs_embeds.device)
            )
            special_video_mask = special_video_mask.all(-1)
        else:
            special_image_mask = input_ids == self.config.image_token_id
            special_video_mask = input_ids == self.config.video_token_id

        n_image_tokens = special_image_mask.sum()
        special_image_mask = special_image_mask.unsqueeze(-1).to(inputs_embeds.device)
        if image_features is not None:
            torch_compilable_check(
                n_image_tokens * inputs_embeds.shape[-1] == image_features.numel(),
                f"Image features and image tokens do not match, tokens: {n_image_tokens}, features: {image_features.shape[0]}",
            )

        n_video_tokens = special_video_mask.sum()
        special_video_mask = special_video_mask.unsqueeze(-1).to(inputs_embeds.device)
        if video_features is not None:
            torch_compilable_check(
                n_video_tokens * inputs_embeds.shape[-1] == video_features.numel(),
                f"Video features and video tokens do not match, tokens: {n_video_tokens}, features: {video_features.shape[0]}",
            )
        return special_image_mask, special_video_mask

    def compute_3d_position_ids(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.Tensor | None,
        inputs_embeds: torch.Tensor | None,
        image_grid_thw: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        video_grid_thw: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        attention_mask: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        past_key_values: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        mm_token_type_ids: torch.IntTensor | None = None,
    ) -> torch.Tensor | None:
        past_key_values_length = 0 if past_key_values is None else past_key_values.get_seq_length()
        has_multimodal = image_grid_thw is not None or video_grid_thw is not None
        if has_multimodal and mm_token_type_ids is None and input_ids is not None:
            raise ValueError(
                "Multimodal data was passed (via `image_grid_thw` or `video_grid_thw`) but `mm_token_type_ids` is "
                "missing. Please pass `mm_token_type_ids` to the model so that multimodal RoPE (M-RoPE) can be "
                "computed correctly. `mm_token_type_ids` is returned by the processor alongside `input_ids`."
            )
        can_compute_mrope = input_ids is not None and mm_token_type_ids is not None and has_multimodal

        if can_compute_mrope and (self.rope_deltas is None or past_key_values_length == 0):
            position_ids, rope_deltas = self.get_rope_index(
                input_ids,
                image_grid_thw=image_grid_thw,
                video_grid_thw=video_grid_thw,
                attention_mask=attention_mask,
                mm_token_type_ids=mm_token_type_ids,
            )
            self.rope_deltas = rope_deltas
        # Use pre-calculated rope-deltas to infer correct 3D position ids during incremental
        # generation (past_key_values_length > 0) or when only inputs_embeds is provided (no input_ids
        # to recompute from). Skip when input_ids is provided without past_key_values to avoid shape
        # mismatches from stale rope_deltas (e.g., training forward pass after generation).
        elif self.rope_deltas is not None and (past_key_values_length > 0 or input_ids is None):
            batch_size, seq_length, _ = inputs_embeds.shape
            if attention_mask is not None:
                position_ids = attention_mask.long().cumsum(-1) - 1
                position_ids = position_ids.masked_fill(attention_mask == 0, 0)
                position_ids = position_ids.view(1, batch_size, -1).repeat(3, 1, 1).to(inputs_embeds.device)
            else:
                position_ids = torch.arange(past_key_values_length, past_key_values_length + seq_length)
                position_ids = position_ids.view(1, 1, -1).expand(3, batch_size, -1).to(inputs_embeds.device)
            delta = self.rope_deltas.repeat_interleave(batch_size // self.rope_deltas.shape[0], dim=0)
            position_ids = position_ids + delta.to(device=inputs_embeds.device)
        else:
            # Can't build correct 3D positions. Let the model infer it
            position_ids = None
        return position_ids

    @can_return_tuple
    @auto_docstring
    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        attention_mask: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        position_ids: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        past_key_values: Cache | None = None,
        inputs_embeds: torch.FloatTensor | None = None,
        use_cache: bool | None = None,
        pixel_values: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        pixel_values_videos: torch.FloatTensor | None = None,
        image_grid_thw: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        video_grid_thw: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        mm_token_type_ids: torch.IntTensor | None = None,
        mm_encoder_outputs: dict[str, BaseModelOutputWithPooling] | None = None,
        **kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
    ) -> tuple | Qwen3_5ModelOutputWithPast:
        if (pixel_values is not None or pixel_values_videos is not None) and mm_encoder_outputs is not None:
            raise ValueError(
                "You cannot specify both pixel_values/pixel_values_videos and mm_encoder_outputs at the same time"
            )

        if inputs_embeds is None:
            inputs_embeds = self.get_input_embeddings()(input_ids)

        mm_encoder_outputs = mm_encoder_outputs if mm_encoder_outputs is not None else {}
        if mm_encoder_outputs.get("image") is None and pixel_values is not None:
            mm_encoder_outputs["image"] = self.get_image_features(
                pixel_values, image_grid_thw, return_dict=True, **kwargs
            )

        if mm_encoder_outputs.get("video") is None and pixel_values_videos is not None:
            mm_encoder_outputs["video"] = self.get_video_features(
                pixel_values_videos, video_grid_thw, return_dict=True, **kwargs
            )

        if mm_encoder_outputs.get("image") is not None:
            image_embeds = torch.cat(mm_encoder_outputs["image"].pooler_output, dim=0).to(
                inputs_embeds.device, inputs_embeds.dtype
            )
            image_mask, _ = self.get_placeholder_mask(
                input_ids, inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds, image_features=image_embeds
            )
            inputs_embeds = inputs_embeds.masked_scatter(image_mask, image_embeds)

        if mm_encoder_outputs.get("video") is not None:
            video_embeds = torch.cat(mm_encoder_outputs["video"].pooler_output, dim=0).to(
                inputs_embeds.device, inputs_embeds.dtype
            )
            _, video_mask = self.get_placeholder_mask(
                input_ids, inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds, video_features=video_embeds
            )
            inputs_embeds = inputs_embeds.masked_scatter(video_mask, video_embeds)

        if position_ids is None:
            position_ids = self.compute_3d_position_ids(
                input_ids=input_ids,
                image_grid_thw=image_grid_thw,
                video_grid_thw=video_grid_thw,
                inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
                attention_mask=attention_mask,
                past_key_values=past_key_values,
                mm_token_type_ids=mm_token_type_ids,
            )

        outputs = self.language_model(
            input_ids=None,
            position_ids=position_ids,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            past_key_values=past_key_values,
            inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
            use_cache=use_cache,
            **kwargs,
        )
        return Qwen3_5ModelOutputWithPast(
            last_hidden_state=outputs.last_hidden_state,
            past_key_values=outputs.past_key_values,
            hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=outputs.attentions,
            rope_deltas=self.rope_deltas,
        )


@auto_docstring
class Qwen3_5ForCausalLM(Qwen3_5PreTrainedModel, GenerationMixin):
    _tied_weights_keys = {"lm_head.weight": "model.embed_tokens.weight"}
    _tp_plan = {"lm_head": "colwise_gather_output"}
    _pp_plan = {"lm_head": (["hidden_states"], ["logits"])}
    _fsdp_plan = {"lm_head": "keep_full_weight"}
    config: Qwen3_5TextConfig
    _keys_to_ignore_on_load_unexpected = [r"^mtp.*", r"^model.visual.*"]

    def __init__(self, config):
        super().__init__(config)
        self.model = Qwen3_5TextModel(config)
        self.vocab_size = config.vocab_size
        self.lm_head = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.vocab_size, bias=False)

        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    @can_return_tuple
    @auto_docstring
    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        attention_mask: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        position_ids: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        past_key_values: Cache | None = None,
        inputs_embeds: torch.FloatTensor | None = None,
        labels: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        use_cache: bool | None = None,
        logits_to_keep: int | torch.Tensor = 0,
        **kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
    ) -> CausalLMOutputWithPast:
        r"""
        Example:

        ```python
        >>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, Qwen3_5ForCausalLM

        >>> model = Qwen3_5ForCausalLM.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen3_5-8B")
        >>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen3_5-8B")

        >>> prompt = "Hey, are you conscious? Can you talk to me?"
        >>> inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt")

        >>> # Generate
        >>> generate_ids = model.generate(inputs.input_ids, max_length=30)
        >>> tokenizer.batch_decode(generate_ids, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=False)[0]
        "Hey, are you conscious? Can you talk to me?\nI'm not conscious, but I can talk to you."
        ```"""
        outputs: BaseModelOutputWithPast = self.model(
            input_ids=input_ids,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            position_ids=position_ids,
            past_key_values=past_key_values,
            inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
            use_cache=use_cache,
            **kwargs,
        )

        hidden_states = outputs.last_hidden_state
        # Only compute necessary logits, and do not upcast them to float if we are not computing the loss
        slice_indices = slice(-logits_to_keep, None) if isinstance(logits_to_keep, int) else logits_to_keep
        logits = self.lm_head(hidden_states[:, slice_indices, :])

        loss = None
        if labels is not None:
            loss = self.loss_function(logits=logits, labels=labels, vocab_size=self.config.vocab_size, **kwargs)

        return CausalLMOutputWithPast(
            loss=loss,
            logits=logits,
            past_key_values=outputs.past_key_values,
            hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=outputs.attentions,
        )


class Qwen3_5ForTokenClassification(GenericForTokenClassification, Qwen3_5PreTrainedModel):
    config: Qwen3_5Config


@auto_docstring
@dataclass
class Qwen3_5CausalLMOutputWithPast(CausalLMOutputWithPast):
    r"""
    rope_deltas (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, )`, *optional*):
        The rope index difference between sequence length and multimodal rope.
        The attribute is deprecated and will be removed in v5.20, use `model.base_model.rope_deltas` instead.
    """

    rope_deltas: torch.LongTensor | None = None


class Qwen3_5ForConditionalGeneration(Qwen3_5PreTrainedModel, GenerationMixin):
    _tied_weights_keys = {"lm_head.weight": "model.language_model.embed_tokens.weight"}
    _tp_plan = {"lm_head": "colwise_gather_output"}
    # Reference: fix gemma3 grad acc #37208
    accepts_loss_kwargs = False

    def __init__(self, config):
        super().__init__(config)
        self.model = Qwen3_5Model(config)
        self.lm_head = nn.Linear(config.text_config.hidden_size, config.text_config.vocab_size, bias=False)

        self.post_init()

    @auto_docstring
    def get_video_features(
        self,
        pixel_values_videos: torch.FloatTensor,
        video_grid_thw: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        **kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
    ) -> tuple | BaseModelOutputWithPooling:
        r"""
        pixel_values_videos (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_channels, image_size, image_size)`):
            The tensors corresponding to the input videos.
        """
        return self.model.get_video_features(pixel_values_videos, video_grid_thw, **kwargs)

    @auto_docstring
    def get_image_features(
        self,
        pixel_values: torch.FloatTensor,
        image_grid_thw: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        **kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
    ) -> tuple | BaseModelOutputWithPooling:
        r"""
        pixel_values (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_channels, image_size, image_size)`):
            The tensors corresponding to the input images.
        """
        return self.model.get_image_features(pixel_values, image_grid_thw, **kwargs)

    @can_return_tuple
    @auto_docstring
    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.LongTensor = None,
        attention_mask: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        position_ids: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        past_key_values: Cache | None = None,
        inputs_embeds: torch.FloatTensor | None = None,
        labels: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        pixel_values: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        pixel_values_videos: torch.FloatTensor | None = None,
        image_grid_thw: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        video_grid_thw: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        mm_token_type_ids: torch.IntTensor | None = None,
        logits_to_keep: int | torch.Tensor = 0,
        mm_encoder_outputs: dict[str, BaseModelOutputWithPooling] | None = None,
        **kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
    ) -> tuple | Qwen3_5CausalLMOutputWithPast:
        r"""
        Example:

        ```python
        >>> from transformers import AutoProcessor, Qwen3_5ForConditionalGeneration

        >>> model = Qwen3_5ForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen3-VL-8B-Instruct")
        >>> processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen3-VL-8B-Instruct")

        >>> messages = [
            {
                "role": "user",
                "content": [
                    {
                        "type": "image",
                        "image": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/pipeline-cat-chonk.jpeg",
                    },
                    {"type": "text", "text": "Describe the image."},
                ],
            }
        ]

        >>> inputs = processor.apply_chat_template(
            messages,
            tokenize=True,
            add_generation_prompt=True,
            return_dict=True,
            return_tensors="pt"
        )

        >>> # Generate
        >>> generated_ids = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=1024)
        >>> generated_ids_trimmed = [out_ids[len(in_ids) :] for in_ids, out_ids in zip(inputs.input_ids, generated_ids)]
        >>> output_text = processor.batch_decode(generated_ids_trimmed, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=False)[0]
        >>> print(output_text)
        ```
        """

        outputs = self.model(
            input_ids=input_ids,
            pixel_values=pixel_values,
            pixel_values_videos=pixel_values_videos,
            image_grid_thw=image_grid_thw,
            video_grid_thw=video_grid_thw,
            position_ids=position_ids,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            past_key_values=past_key_values,
            inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
            mm_token_type_ids=mm_token_type_ids,
            mm_encoder_outputs=mm_encoder_outputs,
            **kwargs,
        )

        hidden_states = outputs[0]

        # Only compute necessary logits, and do not upcast them to float if we are not computing the loss
        slice_indices = slice(-logits_to_keep, None) if isinstance(logits_to_keep, int) else logits_to_keep
        logits = self.lm_head(hidden_states[:, slice_indices, :])

        loss = None
        if labels is not None:
            loss = self.loss_function(
                logits=logits, labels=labels, vocab_size=self.config.text_config.vocab_size, **kwargs
            )

        return Qwen3_5CausalLMOutputWithPast(
            loss=loss,
            logits=logits,
            past_key_values=outputs.past_key_values,
            hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=outputs.attentions,
            rope_deltas=outputs.rope_deltas,
        )

    def _prepare_position_ids_for_generation(self, inputs_tensor, model_kwargs):
        # Overwritten -- requires 3D position ids

        text_positions = super()._prepare_position_ids_for_generation(inputs_tensor, model_kwargs)

        # Early exit in case we are continuing generation from past kv
        past_length = 0
        if (cache := model_kwargs.get("past_key_values")) is not None:
            past_length = cache.get_seq_length()
        if past_length != 0 and self.model.rope_deltas is not None:
            position_ids = text_positions[None, ...] + self.model.rope_deltas
            return position_ids

        # Otherwise compute 3d position ids for vision tokens and concat with text position ids
        if "input_ids" in model_kwargs and model_kwargs["input_ids"].shape[1] > 0:
            inputs_tensor = model_kwargs["input_ids"]

        is_input_ids = len(inputs_tensor.shape) == 2 and inputs_tensor.dtype in [torch.int, torch.long]
        if (
            is_input_ids
            and model_kwargs.get("mm_token_type_ids") is not None
            and (model_kwargs.get("image_grid_thw") is not None or model_kwargs.get("video_grid_thw") is not None)
        ):
            model_kwargs = {k: v for k, v in model_kwargs.items() if k != "input_ids"}
            vision_positions, rope_deltas = self.model.get_rope_index(inputs_tensor, **model_kwargs)
            self.model.rope_deltas = rope_deltas
        else:
            vision_positions = text_positions.unsqueeze(0).expand(3, -1, -1)
            self.model.rope_deltas = torch.zeros(
                inputs_tensor.shape[0], 1, dtype=torch.long, device=inputs_tensor.device
            )

        # Concatenate "text + vision" positions into [4, bs, seq-len]
        text_positions = text_positions[None, ...]
        position_ids = torch.cat([text_positions, vision_positions], dim=0)

        return position_ids


class Qwen3_5TextForSequenceClassification(GenericForSequenceClassification, Qwen3_5PreTrainedModel):
    config: Qwen3_5TextConfig
    input_modalities = ("text",)


class Qwen3_5ForSequenceClassification(GenericForSequenceClassification, Qwen3_5PreTrainedModel):
    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.LongTensor = None,
        attention_mask: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        position_ids: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        past_key_values: Cache | None = None,
        inputs_embeds: torch.FloatTensor | None = None,
        pixel_values: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        pixel_values_videos: torch.FloatTensor | None = None,
        image_grid_thw: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        video_grid_thw: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
        mm_token_type_ids: torch.IntTensor | None = None,
        **kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
    ) -> SequenceClassifierOutputWithPast:
        return super().forward(
            input_ids=input_ids,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            position_ids=position_ids,
            past_key_values=past_key_values,
            inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
            pixel_values=pixel_values,
            pixel_values_videos=pixel_values_videos,
            image_grid_thw=image_grid_thw,
            video_grid_thw=video_grid_thw,
            mm_token_type_ids=mm_token_type_ids,
            **kwargs,
        )


__all__ = [
    "Qwen3_5VisionModel",
    "Qwen3_5TextModel",
    "Qwen3_5Model",
    "Qwen3_5ForCausalLM",
    "Qwen3_5TextForSequenceClassification",
    "Qwen3_5ForSequenceClassification",
    "Qwen3_5ForTokenClassification",
    "Qwen3_5ForConditionalGeneration",
    "Qwen3_5PreTrainedModel",
]